"The Folder"

     When we at First Presbyterian Church of Omak began our denominational discernment process (you can see an overview of our process here), we were overwhelmed at the task before us.  The commission created by the Session quickly settled on doing evidence-based discernment.  We would, whenever and however possible, choose to seek hard evidence for our decisions.  Little did we know that this course of action would create a large number of documents that, quite honestly, became unwieldy in practice.  Our hope is to make your and your congregation's discernment easier with this handy guide.
     I (Pastor Bill) have had a few requests, mostly from other pastors, to get a look at what has come to be known as "The Folder" of information concerning the Presbyterian Church (USA).  Oh, you don't know about that folder.  Well let me give you a visual.  The folder is, conservatively, 3 inches thick and contains dozens of documents.  I am somewhat perplexed to admit that I have read and/or reviewed everything in the folder.  No wonder I feel so tired all the time.
     What follows is an annotated list of documents in the folder that you can find with a simple click of the mouse.  Those who have requested a copy of the folder will, I hope, I understand given this list why we have been reluctant to send it out.  Frankly, it would just be too much time and work to do so.  So please use the following links to begin building a folder of your own.

•  Category 1:  Presbyterian Panel Studies 
• The Presbyterian Panel Studies are a set of statistical tools and analysis compiled by the PC(USA).  They are scientific surveys and have all the credentials one would need to make statistical determinations based on the data.  All of these studies are invaluable.  Unfortunately, not all of the studies are available online--though enough are to see some startling trends.
• Of particular interest are the Background Reports.  Do not waste time with the summaries as these contain a lot of data interpretation.  What you are after are the appendices to the full reports where you can get a look at the real, hard data.  Be sure to look at the 2008, 2005, 1999 and 1997 reports.  A 2011 summary is also available, but it lacks the full report currently.  Similar to the Background Reports, in 2001 a U.S. Congregational Life Survey was conducted and contains similar information.  The real trouble with these surveys is that they do not always ask the same question in the same way which makes comparison and analysis difficult.
• Also of interest are studies on:
• Spirituality:  1994 is a report on Spirituality.  In 1997 it became a report Spirituality, Health and Well Being.  In 2007 (only available as a summary) it became Spirituality and Health.  In 2010 only a Health survey was done with no reference to Spirituality.
• The Bible:  Several studies, including the Background Reports, touch on the place of the Bible in the current life of the PC(USA).  In addition to these, specific reports on the Bible were issued in 1995 and 2006.
• Evangelism:  A specific study on evangelism was done in 1996.  After this, it seems that evangelism was folded into other studies conducted in 2005.
• Current Issues:  One of my favorite survey topics was variously titled Current Issues or just Issues.  You can find such studies in 1996, 2004 and 2006.  
• Other studies and surveys on the main page are interesting and worth a look, but these were the particular studies that were telling in our own study here at FPC Omak.
• If you are not a statistics nut like me, perhaps our summary spreadsheet (with graphs) would be helpful.  You can download it here. There is so much more that could be said, but this is a nice little comparative summary based on the information.  What's even better is it is all legitimate statistical information and therefore unbiased.
• Category 2:  General Assembly Permanent Judicial Commission Decisions
• At this link you can get every decision the GAPJC has made since reunion.  It can be totally overwhelming to have to sift through, speaking from personal experience.  What follows are a few particular decisions that we found useful for our discernment process.
• 220-08: Jane Adams Spahr v. Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) through the Presbytery of the Redwoods:  This is the case of Jane Spahr violating the Constitution to perform a same-sex wedding.  Her presbytery was ordered (some might say reluctantly) to rebuke the Rev. Spahr, which they refused to do.  The Outlook's article on the disobedience of the Presbytery of the Redwoods is found here.  Strangely, this did not come up at General Assembly. 
• 220-03: Eric Parnell, Bruce McIntosh, Cordelia Shieh, Margaret Gelini, Greg Roth, Marsha Roth, Randy Young, and the Session of Walnut Creek Presbyterian Church v. Presbytery of San Francisco: This is the case of approving Lisa Larges, someone living outside of the previous fidelity/chastity requirement, for ordination.  The decision of the Presbytery of San Francisco to certify Lisa Larges ready to receive a call was upheld and in so doing the GAPJC made some startling claims about the role of the Confessions and the Scriptures.  It is worth noting that Lisa Larges withdrew from the ordination process following the decision.
• 220-04: Session of Caledonia Presbyterian Church, Paula Bremer, James Gunn, Alan Crandall, Jerry Indermark, James F. Scaife, Presbytery of Central Florida, Presbytery of Prospect Hill, and Presbytery of Stockton v. Presbytery of John Knox: This was the decision to clear the way for Scott Anderson to be ordained.
• The other major cases are the Kaseman and Kenyon decisions.  Since these two predate reunion, the best I could do for the Kaseman decision was a series of articles regarding it.  Here is a letter to the editor regarding the Kaseman decision.
• Kenyon basically said that a minister must comply with the stance of the denomination regarding women's ordination to be ordained.
• Kaseman famously questioned the full divinity of Christ, yet was ordained anyway.
• I am sure that other important decisions can be added to this list, but these were the pressing ones for us.
• Category 3:  The Sanctity of Human Life
• Our congregation is unashamedly Pro-Life.  We have sought and received Relief of Conscience during my tenure as pastor (something we were surprised to find out we did not have previously!).  The PC(USA)'s stance on abortion has been trying for us to say the least.  For those interested in this stance, here are some documents.
• The current position paper on abortion dates to 1994.  Of particular interest is paragraph e. under section E. Policy Development and subsection 1. Areas of Substantial Agreement on the Issue of Abortion.  The paragraph states:  "The considered decision of a woman to terminate a pregnancy can be a morally acceptable, though certainly not the only or required, decision. Possible justifying circumstances would include medical indications of severe physical or mental deformity, conception as a result of rape or incest, or conditions under which the physical or mental health of either woman or child would be gravely threatened."
• This language is cited in the Board of Pensions coverage information regarding "Women's Health Protection" (p 24) in the "Guide to Your Healthcare Benefits 2012."  The brochure states, "Consistent with the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)'s affirmation of the ability of a woman to make good moral choices regarding problem pregnancies, the Medical Plan reimburses medical costs for abortion procedures, subject to plan limits.  The Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) further affirms that abortion should not be used as a method of birth control, for gender selection only, or solely to obtain fetal parts for transplantation."
• A succinct history of the abortion issue in the PC(USA) is available in two parts (one and two) from Presbyterians Pro-Life.
• Category 4:  Denial of the unique Lordship of Jesus Christ and creeping universalism
• The 1972 Study of Universalism just about says it all.  The study left the door open to consider universalism as a possibility.  In other words, in an attempt to compromise the General Assembly, in adopting the paper, did nothing to answer the denomination's stance on universalism.
• The current stance of the denomination is a tricky one to navigate as there are a number of contradictory statements out there.  The Office of Interfaith Relations has a list of documents up to help you find your way through.  Of these documents, the "Presbyterian Principles for Interfaith Dialogue" and "Witness and Evangelism Among People of Other Faiths" are the most enlightening.  Honestly, these documents (and the ones listed in the next bullet section) are a furthering of the Study of Universalism's approach--they are not shocking, but neither are they solidly founded on the Gospel.
• In addition to these overarching articles, there are also several religion specific papers that may interest your committee.
• Christians and Jews (1987)
• Christians and Muslims (based on actions of various General Assemblies)
• Presbyterians and Latter-Day Saints (based on actions of various General Assemblies)
• A little more troubling was the return to the folks who brought you Re-Imagining with the 220th General Assembly's support of the Words Matter project.  This project tosses the Lordship of Jesus Christ back up into the air after the compromising Hope In the Lord Jesus Christ (another compromise document, see pg 11-12, lines 155-168) sought to alleviate in 2002. That paper was a response to the inability of the 213th General Assembly to affirm the sole Lordship of Jesus Christ (here is an article written in defense of the action of the 213th General Assembly).
• In 2007, Linda Valentine (Executive Director, General Assembly Council) and Clifton Kirkpatrick (at the time the Stated Clerk of GA) addressed many of these concerns in a letter to the leaders of the New Wineskins.  The letter does refute many of the conclusions we drew as a commission, but not convincingly so.  In essence, in my opinion, it seems to say, "Settle down, everything is fine.  Just trust us."  The trouble is, we do not have that level of trust.
• The letter concludes:  "The New Wineskins Association of Churches has raised questions about the faith and mission of the church that must be dealt with seriously. However, the confessional and constitutional theology and practice of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) cannot be fairly censured with the careless charge of “apostasy.” Neither can the whole church be held responsible for every departure from its standards voiced by individual ministers, elders, deacons, and members. Let us all strive to recover the original purpose of governing bodies as settings of mutual responsibility and accountability in which faithful discourse deepens the church’s beliefs and focuses the church’s mission."
• This touches on  the issue of the failure of the 3rd mark of the true church (discipline) which could warrant a category all its own.
• Category 5:  Israel
• The PC(USA) has taken a somewhat to very anti-Israel/pro-Palestine bent in recent years.  The actions of the 220th General Assembly were a step back and then forward from this trend.
• The 2010 "Breaking Down the Walls" approved by the 219th General Assembly is really a watershed document in understanding the denomination's official view of Israel.
• Category 6:  Marriage, Ordination Standards and Homosexuality
• The adoption of Amendment 10-A, removing the fidelity and chastity language from the Book of Order alone speaks volumes about the trajectory of the PC(USA) regarding issues of accommodating itself to cultural sexual morals.  Here is the official stance of the denomination in FAQ form.
• Attempts to redefine marriage as between two persons instead of a man and a woman were very narrowly defeated (338-308) at the 220th General Assembly and further study being called for will assure that this issue is not going to be resolved anytime soon.  The PNS story on the issue is well done.
• Category 7:  Advisory Opinions and Authoritative Interpretations
• These are official opinions and a few are worth reading.  I am running low on energy so I will simply list them out by title here.
• Note #7:  Ceremonies Blessing Same-Sex Relationships which gives the go-ahead for these services, but stops short of calling them marriages.
• Note #19:  Implementing the Trust Clause for the Unity of the Church which deals with a lot of issues regarding dismissal.
• Note #2:  Dissent and Defiance discusses appropriate avenues for registering protest.  Missing from the list are the recent actions of Redwoods Presbytery listed above.
• Note #9:  Per Capita Apportionments deals with those who would like to withhold per capita as a form of protest (such as we do at FPC Omak).
• Authoritative Interpretations:  If you can find a list of these, please let me know as I have not yet found them.  I know there are 250 of them still on the books, but what they are is known only to the privileged few I guess.
• For the real legal buffs out there, here is a list and links to Amicus Curiae Briefs the PC(USA) has filed.  To be honest, we did not read these, but you may find them helpful.
• Category 8:  Historic Documents
• In an earlier post I linked to several of these documents.  You can find it here.
• In addition to these, the Swearingen Commission Report is also useful as it has set the trajectory for conflict management in the PC(USA) to date (i.e. avoid and when necessary do nothing).  The best I was ever able to find here was an excerpt, but here is an article regarding the report from one of my teachers at Princeton.

I suppose reports of various other congregations who have gone through this process could be appended to this long list of resources (and some of these are indeed part of our monstrous folder).  That being said, the items listed above should keep any commission humming along for quite some time.  For those interested, you can read our commission's final report here.  Please feel free to use any or all of this report in your own (as we borrowed from others who had gone before us with similar permission).
My intent here is not to create dissension in the congregation, but to properly inform the congregation and the Session.  After our evidence-based investigation of the PC(USA) we decided it was prudent and proper for us to seek dismissal.  I hope, gentle reader, that you will approach this process of deep discernment with prayer and study and be led by the Holy Spirit to the place God is calling you to be.